Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering/education , Education/methods , Universities , Problem-Based Learning , CurriculumABSTRACT
A mordida cruzada funcional, caracterizada pelo desvio funcional durante o fechamento mandibular, acomete, em sua maioria, crianças em idade precoce. Uma das terapias preconizadas para a remoção de interferências oclusais e correção de mordida cruzada nas fases de dentadura decídua e mista é a terapia de Planas, baseada nos conceitos de reabilitação neuro-oclusal. As pistas Planas, quando comparadas com os aparelhos ortopédicos e/ou ortodônticos convencionais, apresentam baixo custo, além de muitas outras vantagens, como não depender da colaboração do paciente, ser simples, eficaz e estável ao longo do tempo. A técnica consiste, basicamente, de ajuste oclusal, seja por remoção (desgastes seletivos) ou por acréscimos de resina composta. O artigo tem como objetivo descrever o caso clínico de um paciente portador de mordida cruzada posterior funcional, na fase da dentadura mista, tratada de forma interceptiva com Pistas Indiretas Planas. Também há a descrição do método de confecção, vantagens e indicações da técnica (AU)
The functional crossbite, characterized by functional deviation during jaw closing, affects mostly children at an early age. One of the recommended therapies for removal of occlusal interferences and correction of crossbite during the deciduous and mixed dentition is Planas therapy, based on the concepts of neuro-occlusal rehabilitation. The Planas Tracks, when compared to conventional orthopedic and/or orthodontics appliances, are low cost, besides many other advantages, as to be independent on patient cooperation, to be simple, eficiente, and stable over time. The technique consists, basically, of occlusal adjustment, by removal or addition of composite resin. The article aims to describe the case of a patient with posterior crossbite, at the stage of mixed dentition treated on an interceptive way with Planas Indirect Tracks. It is also described the preparation method, advantages, and technical instructions.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Dentition , Malocclusion , OrthopedicsABSTRACT
La existencia de prejuicios, a menudo inconscientes, es una limitación para la empatía médica y la relación médico-paciente. El término cognición implícita se refiere a las influencias inconscientes (conocimiento previo, percepción y memoria) que, al influir en el comportamiento de las personas, afecta su desempeño o la propia toma de decisiones. A través del aprendizaje, asimilamos la información que nos brinda el medio y nos apropiamos del conocimiento considerando sus distintas dimensiones (conceptos, procedimientos, actitudes y valores). Los mecanismos de aprendizaje implícito son lentos, no suelen ser percibidos conscientemente por las personas y requieren la asociación de los estímulos secuenciales y del almacenamiento de la información concerniente a las relaciones predictivas entre sucesos. Durante el aprendizaje y luego en el ejercicio de la medicina en particular, la existencia de actitudes implícitas negativas relacionadas con el género o las etnias, por ejemplo, podría limitar no solo la adquisición de conocimientos y sus habilidades académicas, sino también el desarrollo de la empatía necesaria durante la atención de los pacientes. La identificación de estas a través del test de asociaciones implícitas (TAI) permitiría caracterizar o predecir las dificultades de aprendizaje a nivel emocional y relacional de los estudiantes. Eso podría ser relevante en la modificación de los planes de estudio para que reciba, durante su formación, las herramientas necesarias para lograr un desempeño adecuado. Este artículo pretende introducir en el campo de la medicina el tema de la cognición implícita asociado a la educación médica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition , Education, Medical , LearningABSTRACT
AIM: This study has evaluated the knowledge about dental fluorosis and the behavior of young people regarding to the use of Fluor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 313 students from High School of Tabatinga/SP, from 15 to 21 years old have answered a questionnaire with pre-encoded questions in which was approached the variables: gender, age, schooling level, dwelling, water consumption, oral hygiene habits, frequency of consults to the dentist and perception about clinical characteristics of fluorosis. Data obtained were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There was female prevalence (56.0%). Most of respondents (81.0%) answered brushing the teeth 3 times or more a day. About dentifrice use and quantity on the toothbrush, from 97% who has asserted using them, 58% cover all the bristles; 88% of participants know Fluor; however, regarding to its function or effect on the teeth, 17% and 32%, respectively, have not known how to answer. About water consumption, most of them consume from 1 to 2 liters a day, and the main source is the faucet (47%). It was observed that 49% of interviewees have visited the surgeon dentist less than one month ago; 93% have answered that the topic application of Fluor was carried out during the dentist consultation, and 32% have asserted that the application was performed in all the visits. Regarding the surface stains on tooth enamel, 59% have reported that they did not notice them; however, 21% have noticed white stains on the enamel. Regarding to the use of tooth paste in the childhood, 52% have reported that they used to ingest it. CONCLUSION: Young s knowledge about function and effect of Fluor on dental structures were mistaken, once the concept of dental cleaning was prevalent about prevention of caries, and the behavior about fluoridated toothpaste was inappropriate because they use it excessively, and they also asserted its ingestion in the childhood.
Subject(s)
Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis , Fluorosis, Dental/diagnosis , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Intra-oviductal administration of RNA obtained from oviducts of estradiol-treated rats resulted in accelerated egg transport (Rios et al., 1997). It is probable that estradiol-induced messenger RNA (mRNA) entered oviductal cells and was translated into the proteins involved in accelerated egg transport. In order to test this interpretation we deposited in vivo 50 micrograms of pure beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) mRNA, 50 micrograms of pure DNA from the reporter gene beta-gal under SV40 promoter or the vehicle (control oviducts) into the oviductal lumen of rats. Twenty four hours later the beta-gal activity was assayed in oviductal tissue homogenates using o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside as a substrate. The administration of beta-gal mRNA and pSVBgal plasmid increased beta-gal activity by 71% and 142%, respectively, over the control oviducts. These results indicate that naked DNA and mRNA coding for beta-gal can enter oviductal cells and be translated into an active enzyme. They are consistent with the interpretation that embryo transport acceleration caused by the injection of estradiol-induced RNA in the oviduct involves translation of the injected mRNA
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , beta-Galactosidase , Fallopian Tubes , Ovum Transport , RNA, Messenger , beta-Galactosidase , Fallopian Tubes , Gene Expression , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Estradiol accelerates oviductal embryo transport in the rat through changes of genomic expression in oviductal cells. However, the genes involved are unknown. We used a differential display by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect estradiol (E2)-dependent genes in the rat oviduct. Rats on day 2 of pregnancy were untreated or treated with 10 micrograms of E2 and the oviducts were extracted at 30, 180 and 360 min later and used to isolate RNA. Products of reverse transcriptase-PCR, made with pairs of arbitrary and oligo-deoxythymidine primers, were separated on denaturing polyacrylamide gels and candidate bands were excised and reamplified. Truly positive cDNA fragments determined by a single strand conformation polymorphism assay were cloned and sequenced. A ribonuclease protection assay confirmed that clone 25 is up-regulated by E2 in the oviduct at 30, 180 and 360 min. This clone exhibited no homology with known genes and in situ hybridization showed it is only expressed in the epithelial cells of the isthmic segment. Clone 25 is likely to represent a new gene, which is up-regulated by E2 in the epithelium of the isthmic segment of the rat oviduct. Its time frame of response is compatible with a mediator of the effect of E2 on oviductal embryo transport.